Types of Bmt

Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) actually means infusion of stem cells (collected either from bone marrow or peripheral blood or cord blood) into the recipient. There are different types of bone marrow transplants depending on the donor.

The different types include the following:

Autologous transplant – (Self-Donated)

Allogeneic transplant – uses blood-forming cells donated by someone else

1. Allogeneic (Donor) Transplants Using Matched Sibling
2. Allogeneic Transplants Using Unrelated Donors
3. Allogeneic Transplants Using Haploidentical (Half-Matched) Donors
4. Allogeneic Transplants Using Umbilical Cord Blood

Syngeneic BMT: A syngeneic transplant is an allogeneic transplant from an identical twin. Identical twins are considered a complete genetic match for a transplant. In cases where the donor is the identical twin of the patient, the transplant is essentially like an autologous transplant, as the cells are genetically identical.

Mini Transplant: Mini transplant is termed coined on the basis of conditioning regimen before transplant (“Non-Myeloablative” or, more accurately, “Reduced-Intensity Conditioning” transplant). This type of transplant makes the procedure safer in patients of older age or with pre-existing health problems.

Autologous Transplantation:  An autologous transplant involves high-dose chemotherapy followed by infusion of the patient's own previously collected peripheral blood stem cells. The chemotherapy treatments are given to eliminate cancer cells (disease) in the body. Infusion of peripheral blood stem cells replaces the marrow destroyed by the chemotherapy.

Allogeneic Transplantation: An allogeneic transplant involves high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy followed by infusion of donor bone marrow, peripheral blood stem cells or cord blood. The marrow, stem cells or cord blood comes from an appropriately HLA (immune)-matched related or unrelated donor.

Allogeneic Transplantation: An allogeneic transplant involves high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy followed by infusion of donor bone marrow, peripheral blood stem cells or cord blood. The marrow, stem cells or cord blood comes from an appropriately HLA (immune)-matched related or unrelated donor.

Haploidentical Donor Transplantation: This procedure uses HLA half-matched (haplotype) donors such as biological parents, children or half-matched siblings for allogeneic transplantation. The ability to use Haploidentical donors is of special relevance to patients who previously had very limited sibling and unrelated donor options.

Allogeneic Transplantation: An allogeneic transplant involves high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy followed by infusion of donor bone marrow, peripheral blood stem cells or cord blood. The marrow, stem cells or cord blood comes from an appropriately HLA (immune)-matched related or unrelated donor.